Presentation Script Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction Script - Assignment Example There some noticeable elements which fill in as a snag in the method of progress, a portion of the odd components are carelessness, non-mindful mentality, various discernments, and absence of solidarity among the individuals of these two divisions. The greater part of the occasions these individuals neglect to concentrate on the fundamentals of their employments, they disregard the way that toward the day's end they all are working for a similar organization and have one significant duty to improve and advance the brand however much as could be expected for the achievement. The sales reps and advertisers regularly oppose each other’s thoughts and show less solidarity with respect to the business procedure and showcasing of the item thus this lead to encourage disappointments. It is fundamental for both the sales reps and advertisers to work in cooperation of one another without slighting the thoughts and estimations of others. A blend of deals and promoting can pave the way to the steps of accomplishment by disregarding the significant worries of spending plan. The story changes with a constructive turn once all the salesmen and advertisers are on a similar group, cooperating will help them in understanding distinctive financial plan or item related issues. They can work heads on what type clients do they have, what are their inclinations and premiums and how those necessities and requests can be fulfilled by concurring upon on one fruitful system and a spending plan made with the agreement of both the sales reps and the advertisers. This activity will help them in keeping up a sound connection with one another and furthermore help in maintaining a strategic distance from the battles and dissatisfactions over the accessible assets of the organization. Before actualizing on any of the item designs it is basic to do an appropriate examination, on both in house and field levels. The best should be possible through client studies and by doing showcase division. Getting an entire of data about your rivals are likewise significant, a correct information about the contenders and their thoughts can give you an edge

History Tutorial Journal American Revolution free essay sample

The Role of Acceptance in Coping With Alcohol Addiction

The Role of Acceptance in Coping With Alcohol Addiction Addiction Coping and Recovery Personal Stories Print The Role of Acceptance in Recovery From Alcohol Addiction By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 05, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 13, 2020 Caiaimage / Paul Bradbury / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Personal Stories Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use It seems almost too simple to be true, but accepting that alcoholism is a chronic disease?? and not a personal failure is the key to achieving long-lasting recovery. In other words, relinquish your control, realize your limitations, and face reality (that you have an alcohol problem) is the most important step towards recovery. Then, after acceptance of your powerlessness, you can move forward with changing what you can (what is within your realm of control). Acceptance of Alcoholism   This short passage about acceptance may be one of the most quoted passages in recovery literature. Its from the 4th edition of Alcoholics Anonymous  or The Big Book as it is widely known.?? The chapter was written by Dr. Paul Ohliger, who died Friday, May 19, 2000, in Mission Viejo, California at the age of 83. And acceptance is the answer to all my problems today. When I am disturbed, it is because I find some person, place, thing or situation â€"  some fact of my life â€" unacceptable to me, and I can find no serenity until I accept that person, place, thing or situation as being exactly the way it is supposed to be at this moment. Nothing, absolutely nothing happens in Gods world by mistake. Until I could accept my alcoholism, I could not stay sober; unless I accept life completely on lifes terms, I cannot be happy. I need to concentrate not so much on what needs to be changed in the world as on what needs to be changed in me and in my attitudes. Emotional (not just logical) acceptance of ones alcoholism is imperative to becoming well and preventing relapse.   Non-Acceptance On the flip side, emotional non-acceptance of alcoholism, as supported by denial, guilt, fighting against, or escaping the illness, puts a person at a high risk of relapse, even if a person can rationally accept the disease.?? Other signs of emotional non-acceptance may include feelings of anger or shame regarding the development of alcoholism. Fear and self-pity are two other emotions that prevent acceptance and peace of mind.   Through professional counseling or therapy (either individual, group, or both), a person can learn to recognize these maladaptive emotional coping strategies and where they originated from (for example, through exploring unconscious childhood memories). Then, he or she can devise healthy strategies that promote acceptance, like developing a positive mindset. Support from peers is also an important component of acceptance. According to one study, attending a support group for alcohol addiction had a strong influence on whether or not a person could achieve emotional acceptance of their alcohol addiction.  In this same study, having a positive attitude also strongly influenced disease acceptance.   Gaining Acceptance Through Treatment Once you understand the importance of accepting your alcoholism, its important to reach out for help, if you have not already. There are a number of treatment options available to help you recover from your alcohol problem. Your first step should be to talk with your primary care doctor. He or she can provide you with a treatment referral and determine whether medication is an option for you.   Besides medications that can help you stop or reduce your drinking, there are behavioral treatments like cognitive-behavioral therapy or motivational enhancement therapy. Since strong family support increases a persons chance of remaining abstinent, marital and family counseling is also often integrated into treatment.??   Lastly, mutual-support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or other 12-step programs provide peer support, which can be very beneficial for preventing relapse and maintaining abstinence.?? Find Support With the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs A Word From Verywell In the end, its important to remember that disease acceptance does not mean that you have to like it, condone it, or even ignore it. What it does mean is you are admitting your powerlessness and limitations â€" you are letting go, so you can then begin to recover and heal.

The Role of Acceptance in Coping With Alcohol Addiction

The Role of Acceptance in Coping With Alcohol Addiction Addiction Coping and Recovery Personal Stories Print The Role of Acceptance in Recovery From Alcohol Addiction By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 05, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 13, 2020 Caiaimage / Paul Bradbury / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Personal Stories Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use It seems almost too simple to be true, but accepting that alcoholism is a chronic disease?? and not a personal failure is the key to achieving long-lasting recovery. In other words, relinquish your control, realize your limitations, and face reality (that you have an alcohol problem) is the most important step towards recovery. Then, after acceptance of your powerlessness, you can move forward with changing what you can (what is within your realm of control). Acceptance of Alcoholism   This short passage about acceptance may be one of the most quoted passages in recovery literature. Its from the 4th edition of Alcoholics Anonymous  or The Big Book as it is widely known.?? The chapter was written by Dr. Paul Ohliger, who died Friday, May 19, 2000, in Mission Viejo, California at the age of 83. And acceptance is the answer to all my problems today. When I am disturbed, it is because I find some person, place, thing or situation â€"  some fact of my life â€" unacceptable to me, and I can find no serenity until I accept that person, place, thing or situation as being exactly the way it is supposed to be at this moment. Nothing, absolutely nothing happens in Gods world by mistake. Until I could accept my alcoholism, I could not stay sober; unless I accept life completely on lifes terms, I cannot be happy. I need to concentrate not so much on what needs to be changed in the world as on what needs to be changed in me and in my attitudes. Emotional (not just logical) acceptance of ones alcoholism is imperative to becoming well and preventing relapse.   Non-Acceptance On the flip side, emotional non-acceptance of alcoholism, as supported by denial, guilt, fighting against, or escaping the illness, puts a person at a high risk of relapse, even if a person can rationally accept the disease.?? Other signs of emotional non-acceptance may include feelings of anger or shame regarding the development of alcoholism. Fear and self-pity are two other emotions that prevent acceptance and peace of mind.   Through professional counseling or therapy (either individual, group, or both), a person can learn to recognize these maladaptive emotional coping strategies and where they originated from (for example, through exploring unconscious childhood memories). Then, he or she can devise healthy strategies that promote acceptance, like developing a positive mindset. Support from peers is also an important component of acceptance. According to one study, attending a support group for alcohol addiction had a strong influence on whether or not a person could achieve emotional acceptance of their alcohol addiction.  In this same study, having a positive attitude also strongly influenced disease acceptance.   Gaining Acceptance Through Treatment Once you understand the importance of accepting your alcoholism, its important to reach out for help, if you have not already. There are a number of treatment options available to help you recover from your alcohol problem. Your first step should be to talk with your primary care doctor. He or she can provide you with a treatment referral and determine whether medication is an option for you.   Besides medications that can help you stop or reduce your drinking, there are behavioral treatments like cognitive-behavioral therapy or motivational enhancement therapy. Since strong family support increases a persons chance of remaining abstinent, marital and family counseling is also often integrated into treatment.??   Lastly, mutual-support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) or other 12-step programs provide peer support, which can be very beneficial for preventing relapse and maintaining abstinence.?? Find Support With the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs A Word From Verywell In the end, its important to remember that disease acceptance does not mean that you have to like it, condone it, or even ignore it. What it does mean is you are admitting your powerlessness and limitations â€" you are letting go, so you can then begin to recover and heal.

Our generation knows the routine best. Your teacher comes...

Our generation knows the routine best. Your teacher comes in and announces that next week you will be taking standardized tests. The class is walked through sample questions, and your teacher reviews specific grammar skills and shows you how to read scientific charts. She instructs you to get a good night’s sleep, eat a big breakfast and bring a healthy snack so you can do your best work, but shouldn’t students be doing their best work on a daily basis? Why are these days treated so differently? These situations began after the No Child Left Behind Act was passed in 2001. This act was passed in attempt to lessen the achievement gap in America. For the past twelve years, all American students have been required to take standardized tests in†¦show more content†¦Lastly, by trying to emphasize reading, the Act creates less rounded individuals because fewer subjects are being stressed, and some are taken out of schools all together. If schools do not make adequate yearly progress (AYP) the government will intervene, hiring new teachers and administrators, and restructuring the curriculum in attempt to increase performance levels. If schools exceed objectives, they will be eligible for achievement awards (Bennett). This Act has failed in regards to properly measuring the achievement levels of schools and students and not providing for the financial needs of schools in America. The NCLB’s required standardized tests have created a framework that does not adhere to each child’s strengths and abilities, but measures them and the schools on a superficial level. Standardized tests are used to rank children to where the national government believes they should be at based on their grade. About half of all children in the US will score below average (). These tests look at race, and demonstrate a large achievement gap amongst minorities. However, they do nothing to help the children succeed, and then this labels both the children and th e schools as failures. In addition their scores are often an inaccurate representation of their intelligence because the tests are often biased (). Jay Rosner in 2002 evaluated the decision-making process about which questions would be included on a test. If a question was answeredShow MoreRelatedUml Usage And Standardizing Its Guidelines1525 Words   |  7 PagesUML usage and standardizing its guidelines. Name - Sriram.UdayKumar Id # 700622897 SUMMARY Unified modeling language came into being in the mid 90’s, it is combination of many object oriented (OO) software methods. This language is widely accepted as modeling standard for OO software development. OMG (Object Management Group, www.omg.org) group took the responsibility of taking care of the progress of this languageRead MoreElkhatib 9. Suzanne Elkhatib. Standardizing Academic Failure.2594 Words   |  11 PagesElkhatib 9 Suzanne Elkhatib Standardizing Academic Failure In an effort to determine the quality of an educational institution, from the quality of the educators to the outcomes of the curriculum, standardized testing was introduced. The intention of evaluating the quality of education was to make certain that all students received an adequate education and that all educators were held accountable to their students. Extensive research was conducted to determine the criteria that would be evaluatedRead MoreThiosulphate Of Acetic Acid H2so4 And Standardizing Naoh Using Titration Technique Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to find the molarity of acetic acid H2SO4 and standardizing NaOH using titration technique. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was standardized as it is hygroscopic due to a characteristic of sodium hydroxide that readily absorbing moisture from the air, the NaOH consider a secondary standard which is a solution whose concentration can only be determined by comparing it to the concentration of the primary standard. The primary standard mass has to be knownRead MoreProduction Of The Automotive Industry966 Words   |  4 Pagesand Autonomation. This list does not include all of the possible ways to implement lean manufacturing, but gives a brief introduction to a couple. The 5S stands for Sorting, Setting, Shining, Standardizing, and Sustaining (2013). This paper will discuss one of the five S’s, which will be standardizing. Also, this paper will also go into detail about how an automotive manufacturing company uses Single Minute Exchange Die, and some other aspects of lean manufacturing such as visual control andRead MoreStudent Assessment - The Importance of Standardiz ed Testing Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pagesthe development of human- kind in many aspects. For example, in a school setting, standardizing tests are used to measure developmental stages or reading levels, just to name a few. School Psychologist and Counselors use standardizing testing to look at the development of students. They will agree severe disabilities to be initially detected by some source of standardized testing. On the other hand, standardizing testing is useful for teacher as a method to determine reading or math levels of studentsRead MoreThe Argument And Critical Inquiry Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagesarguments act as the foundation for critical inquiry to begin. 4. What is an argument? (p. 41) What is the process of standardizing arguments? (p. 41) What does the principle of charity have to do with standardizing arguments? (p. 41-42) With regards to this book, the word argument means a set of claims. When you assess the argument to reveal its outline you are standardizing the argument. This means you are examining what parts of the authors statement is the conclusion and which are the premisesRead MoreThe Cultural History Of Promotional Communication1288 Words   |  6 PagesTherefore, what works in one country might not always work in another, simply because it might not always mean the same thing in that other country. We tend to interpret things in a way which identifies to the culture we are most familiar with. Standardizing a product and selling it all over the world might not work, for several reasons but mostly because it does not connect with the audience or the required demographic. Each brand needs to be able to customize their product in a way that connectsRead MoreThe Importance Of Action In Advocacy828 Words   |  4 Pagesthe culture of the boards. Understanding the culture of the board will guide me towards the best approach to recommend changes in current regulations. Utilizing the servant leadership approach, I will invite other AASCB members with interest in standardizing the educational standards to attend licensure board meetings and meetings. Incorporating other members of the group will empower them to serve as leaders in their mesosystem, and creating a larger group of interested parties. Funding AdvocacyRead MoreNursing Sensitive Indicators : Nursing Index1155 Words   |  5 Pagesnursing indicators in the hospital would be a beneficial way for the staff to use their collective clinical expertise and research of best evidence to formulate decisions about excellent care of the patient. Standardizing processes enables higher quality care that is more cost effective. Standardizing the process of the nursing –sensitive patient care would be best practice, and will allow the team to determine if the process will need to change to meet the consumer’s needs. To have the buy-in changingRead MoreEvidence Based Practice1547 Words   |  7 PagesBest Nursing Practice for Standardizing Shift-to-Shift Reports Best Nursing Practice for Standardizing Shift-to-Shift Reports This paper will examine the best nursing practice for standardizing shift-to-shift reports. I became interested in this topic after hearing my mother talk about her day floating to a floor at her hospital. She received report on her patients from two different nurses that morning. Each nurse gave her different information and both were missing information that she

The Snows Of Kilimanjaro Analysis - 1234 Words

Olatunbosun Osifowode Professor Linda Daigle English 2328 July 19, 2017 Hemingway – The Snows of Kilimanjaro Among the key elements in any play, character development and themes remain crucial since they help in understanding the setting and the play in general. In most cases, these elements are hidden so that a deeper meaning can be obtained from a scene when trying to pass the message across. In the play, â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro† by Ernest Hemingway, we can observe several features that are distinct as explained in critical essays done by the various scholars. The evaluation is done by Phillip Young, Kunihiro Nagasawa, and Mukesh Williams highlights the key aspects of â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro† and also improve the understanding of†¦show more content†¦Young goes on further to explain that â€Å"He knows that he has traded his former integrity for ‘security and comfort,’ destroying his talent by ‘betrayals of himself and what he believed in’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Young, pp.77). In the end, a fter the great distress that Harry goes through, the ordeal becomes quite severe to him and cannot bear it anymore. This is why Young (pp.77) concludes by noting that death had obsessed Harry for years and when he is in horror, he sees the possibilities that all could end like a mere idle safari and haggling with a woman who she never loves anymore since he loved her because of her wealth. In the book, â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro† done by Hemingway, the main concern is the way an apparent atheistic man would fight so hard to save his burning soul from the existing chronic idleness as well as nihilism (Nagasawa, pp.116). Even though there are many interpretations of the book in both literary and religious contexts, the literary form is the one that is accepted the most, and many critics believe that the story portrays a man of failure who is very obsessed and is on the deathbed at that moment. What makes it interesting in this interpretation is how the scene when Harry is o n his deathbed is explained. The subject of writing instead of the motif is repeated several times in the story indicating the key subject of writing. Writing is deeply associated with the mind of Harry, and the problem, in this case, is how to live. â€Å"We are toldShow MoreRelatedThe Snows of Kilimanjaro -Analysis1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe Snows of Kilimanjaro The story opens with a paragraph about Mt. Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, which is also called the â€Å"House of God.† There is, we are told, the frozen carcass of a leopard near the summit. No one knows why it is there. Then we are introduced to  Harry, a writer dying of gangrene, and his rich wifeHelen, who are on safari in Africa. Harry’s situation makes him irritable, and he speaks about his own death in a matter-of-fact way that upsets his wife, predictingRead MoreAnalysis of Hemingways The Snows of Kilimanjaro2081 Words   |  9 PagesThe Snows of Kilimanjaro - analysis Hemingways The Snows of Kilimanjaro is a story about a man and his dying, his relationship to his wife, and his recollections of a troubling existence. It is also, more importantly, a story about writing. Ernest Hemingway’s background influenced him to write â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro.† One important influence on the story was that Hemingway had a fear of dying without finishing his work. Hemingway could well express the feelings of Harry because they bothRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of The Snows of Kilimanjaro by Ernest Hemingway1676 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of The Snows of Kilimanjaro by Ernest Hemingway During his life, Ernest Hemingway has used his talent as a writer in many novels, nonfiction, and short stories, and today he is recognized to be maybe the best-known American writer of the twentieth century (Stories for Students 243). In his short stories Hemingway reveals his deepest and most enduring themes-death, writing, machismo, bravery, and the alienation of men in the modern world (Stories for Students 244). The Snows ofRead MoreReview Of The Snows Of Kilimanjaro And Fitzgerald Winter Dreams 1678 Words   |  7 Pagesas the maxims of Ben Franklin. The stories presented by Hemingway in The Snows of Kilimanjaro and Fitzgerald in Winter Dreams both represent the struggle of two men each dealing with their place in society as it relates to being male and the economic class each occupies. The driving force behind each man, both positive and negative, is represented in the relationship each has with the story’s female character. The analysis of the two stories begins with the autobiographical approach both writersRead More Snow of Kilimanjaro Essay3386 Words   |  14 Pages In this story â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro†, the author Ernest Hemingway has basically two main characters, Harry and his wife, Helen. Throughout the story Harry has an infected leg, which seems to be seriously bothering him, it is actually rotting away. The author writes about Harry’s time on the mountain with his wife just waiting for his death. In his story, Ernest Hemingway shows a great deal reality and emotion through his main character Harry, in the books themes, and its symbols. The author’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Helen In The Snows Of Kiilimanjaro By Ernest Hemingway805 Words   |  4 PagesThe analysis of Helens character in The Snows of Kilimanjaro â…  . Introduction A. An introduction to Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway (1899ï ¼ 1961), an novelist and short-story writer, was representative of the lost generation and the post-war literature in the 20th century. His concise and explicit prose style, which gave his works a distinct personality projected a profound influence on American and British fiction. He was famous both for the intense masculinity of his writing and for his adventurousRead MoreErnest Hemingway: A Brief Biography 1210 Words   |  5 PagesHemingway’s childhood experiences at the cabin on the lake contributed to his love for nature and outdoor sports, and are reflected in the nature theme used in some of his writings. One of Hemingway’s stories that follows this major theme is, The Snows of Kilimanjaro. The setting takes place on a safari in Africa, where a man and a woman have been stranded. Harry, the male character of the story, is dying of gangrene in his leg due to an untreated scratch. As he is lying down, suffering from his conditionRead MoreHemingway’s Short Stories of Autobiographical, Immature Males1906 Words   |  8 PagesHemingway’s Short Stories of Autobiographical, Immature Males Hemingway’s short stories Cat in the Rain and The Snows of Kilimanjaro have male characters that are autobiographical. He attempted to dispel criticism of his short stories as autobiographical because Hemingway did not care for critics. His focus on his work as art ignores the autobiographical and psychological content he depended upon to develop characters. His characters are judged by the female characters of the short stories inRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Style and Theme in Works by Ernest Hemingway3088 Words   |  13 PagesAnalysis of Style and Theme in Works by Ernest Hemingway This research paper will analyze style and theme in two of Ernest Hemingways short stories, The Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Big Two-Hearted River, and two novels, The Sun Also Rises and Green Hills of Africa.1 The Snows of Kilimanjaro is about an author named Harry, who is lying on the African plain and dying of gangrene. The Big Two-Hearted River is about an ex-World War I soldier, Nick, who is trying to put his life backRead MoreThe Snows of Kilimanjaro and The Short, Happy Life of Francis Macomber2435 Words   |  10 Pagesgenres of stories. Throughout his stories, the similarities in his style and technique are easily noted and identified. Two of the short stories he wrote contain themes and motifs that specifically explain the plotline. The first story, â€Å"The Snows of Kilimanjaro,† sets its scene in the depths of a desolate area in Africa, where the main characters, Harry and his wife, decide to make their home. After living there for a few years, Harry ventures out and falls into a thorn bush, thus infecting his leg

Education Is An Important Foundation For People All Around...

Introduction Education has become such an important foundation for people all around the world. Education differs from country to country. Education is very unique, education in the United States is not the same as it is in China. How can one explore their differences? Well, one can explore the importance of education, the education systems, higher education and the financial costs of education in both the United States and China. Importance of Education People all around the world attend school. Most countries have their children begin at a young age, at about five years old. According to the United States census, â€Å"In 2011, 83 million people aged three and over that the ACS recorded as enrolled in school† (J. Davis, K. Bauman 2013 p. 2).†¦show more content†¦In recent years it has become imperative that one attend school because as technology and society evolves, it becomes more and more essential. Education is the key to more successful and stable future. It is very difficult to obtain a high paying job without any kind of education or schooling. Some jobs allow their employees without higher education to attend training to better prepare them for their job. Education is a necessary foundation to success and improvement. Education is an essential, but education differs and varies throughout the world. In China and the United different traditions and customs are applied to educate their citizens. How different a re their education systems, their higher learning, and their cost of education? To explain their differences their similarities also need to be addressed. Education System in the United States In the United States the basic academic year for a student begins in August or September and ends in May or June. In the United States, students begin their education at about age five when they are obligated to attend Kindergarten; parents may choose so send their children to pre-school which is a nursery school made for children who are too young for kindergarten, but it is not mandatory. After a child attends kindergarten they begin to attend elementary school which is typically between first and fifth grade. They then proceed

Supply Chain Management MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSupply Chain Managementfor Detected and Mitigated. Answer Introduction Turker and Altuntas (2014) portrays that Supply Chain Risk Management is a process in which the threats tosupply chaincontinuity and profitability is identified, monitored, detected and mitigated. Managing authorities are implemented effective strategies to manage both exceptional as well as everyday risk in supply chain management. Chan et al. (2017) also depicts that supply chain risk management is key to supplier management as it allows organization to avoid risks like cost volatility, non-compliance fines and supply disruption. The prime objective of this business report is to critically analyze the supply chain risk management process for a fashion industry along with the potential benefits of managing risk in a supply chain. Discussion Ho et al. (2015) highlighted the fact that marketers often misinterpret that supplier risk is only one aspect of supply chain management risk but other factors like countries originate from or flow through for supply products, sourced items, sensitivity of the intellectual property and the logistical hubs can also be the reason for risk. Thus, it is essential to protect supply performance outcomes and set performance metrics for monitoring the progress in the supply chain management (Christopher, 2016). One such performance metric is to formulate a "balanced scorecard" for product sourcing beyond cost. Supply Chain Management Risks Wisner et al. (2014) mentioned that supply chain management risk can be of two types- external risks and internal risks External Risk The external risk comprised of demand risk that is related to create due to misunderstanding in customer or end-customer demand, supply risks that is risk in flow of product within the supply chain and business risks that signifies the jeopardy in management financial instability (Mangan et al. 2016). The external risk also comprised of environmental risk and physical risk that resembles outside risk like flood, earthquakes and risk of suppliers physical facilities respectively. Late Delivery of the Fashion Products Late deliveries are one of the crucialsupply chain management risks and require extra cost to the organization in order to meet the customer demands. In such cases, these suppliers have to use air freight as opposed to sea freight, which is much cheaper option (Heizer Barry, 2013). Caro and Martnez-de-Albniz (2015) moreover depicts that missed sales opportunities also results in huge losses. These risks are high for fast fashion industry as fast fashion trends last for weeks compared to usual trends that lasts for months or year. Raid Changing in Customer Demands Fernie (2014) highlight that younger millennial are the major target audience and follower of fast fashion and in most of the cases, they are influenced by superstars and actors. Chopra and Sodhi (2014) on the other hand argues that not all millennial likes a same style. Thus, risk for random change in their demands regarding fashion apparels have to face by the suppliers. Financial Instability The change in rapid demands needs budget for designing apparels and this needs costs for different textile materials, leather materials and other raw items for making accessories. Purvis et al. (2013) depicts that this sudden fluctuation in the budget planning is considered to be as risk. Risk Due to Environmental Calamity It is evident that not all organization has their manufacturing units in their home and sometimes they have to import the final products from other territories (Shen et al. 2016). In such situations, if environmental calamity occurs like flood, earthquake, landslide or hail-storms, the supply chain management also get impacted that result in loss of products and delay. Internal Risk The internal risk comprises of business managerial risks like in personnel, management, reporting structures. Waters and Rinsler (2014) furthermore affirm that internal risk also encompasses manufacturing risks and mitigation risks that resembles disruptions of internal operations and adopted inappropriate solution for occurred risk respectively. Lastly, risk of inadequate assessment and planning is also an internal risk that signifies to the planning and control risks. Poor Manufacturing Line Choi (2017) portrays that improper or outdated technology for manufacturing fast fashion accessories and products not only take much time to formulate new items but it need investment of additional charges for continuous maintenance of the machineries. Shrinkage and Theft In this context, Madhani (2015) state that the materials that is used in fast fashion industry are expensive and hence working personnel have the tendency to theft the raw or completed products from the production line and this results in fewer end products to be reached to destinations. Madhani (2013) moreover depicts that insufficient training in manufacturing goods among the workers also slow down the product line. Steps for Managing Supply Chain ManagementRisk Monitoring the Supplier Base Perry et al. (2014) suggested that fast fashion industrialist should identify each raw material prior to starting the manufacturing of final products. In this way, the managing authorities will able to identify the root cause of the raised risk. Evaluating Supply Chain Vulnerability It is the liability of the managers to identify the future risk relation with their business operations like formulating of raw textiles and leathers, hiring third party outsourcing for raw materials as well as final fashion products (Clark, 2014). Nayak et al. (2015) also said that the scenario for risk occurrence and potential solution should also be listed by an organization. Implementing Mitigation Solution Thus, after assessing all the potential risk factors and their probable solution risk mitigation factors should be implemented so that the identified risk scenario can never be occurred (Li et al., 2014). Benefits of Risk Management Plan Effective risk management plan allows managers to detect the source of risk and that can be avoided in later phase of the business. Moreover Caro and Martnez-de-Albeniz (2015) portrays that risk management plans also provide insights and support to the Board of Directors to identify risks from their experience. However, this result in building a better defense to class-actions that allows an organization to avid risk for future disruptions. In addition to that, risk analysis also shows that the risk management plans are not concentrated to the supply of products but it also focuses on the market demands and fluctuations (Clark, 2014). Ho et al., (2015) on the other hand affirms that adversities like supply disruption, cost volatility and non-compliance finesresults in millionsof loss in an organization which furthermore affects the organizational brand and reputation. These understanding can be gained through effective formulation of risk management plans. Risk Mitigation Solution for Fast Fashion Industry Use of Automation Process Fast fashion industrialist can utilize automation software like ERP and PLM systems for managing their fast-paced supply chain operations (Fernie, 2014). Madhani (2013) also highlight the solution for installation of cameras for monitoring all the activities in inventories and factory. In this way, the internal risk of shrinkage can be detected and loss of some raw and final products can be mitigated. This automation software can also alert the brand in real time in case if some order gets delayed. Minimizing Manpower Perry et al. (2014) depicts that supply chain transparency can be improved if an employee is hired for every factory with with a concerned fast fashion organization is associated. This approach allows organization to evaluate the business ethics of their partners and every sourcing location. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that, risk management plan are crucial for business and especially in supply chain approaches. It is also concluded that adopting automation and software allows businesspeople to monitor all the activities in the inventories and factories. Internal and external risk can also be overcome through proper risk management plan by the marketers and implement the probable solution to the identified potential risk. Reference List Caro, F., Martnez-de-Albniz, V. (2015). Fast fashion: business model overview and research opportunities. InRetail Supply Chain Management(pp. 237-264). Springer US. Chan, A. T., Ngai, E. W., Moon, K. K. (2017). The effects of strategic and manufacturing flexibilities and supply chain agility on firm performance in the fashion industry.European Journal of Operational Research,259(2), 486-499. Choi, T. M. (2017). Quick response in fashion supply chains with retailers having boundedly rational managers.International Transactions in Operational Research,24(4), 891-905. Chopra, S., Sodhi, M. S. (2014). Reducing the risk of supply chain disruptions.MIT Sloan management review,55(3), 73. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Clark, J. (2014).Fashion Merchandising: Principles and Practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Fernie, J. (2014). 02 Relationships in the supply chain.Logistics and retail management: Emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain, 35. Heizer, R., Barry, R. (2013). Operation Management, Sustainability and Supply Chain management (Vol. 11). Pearson, UK. Ho, W., Zheng, T., Yildiz, H., Talluri, S. (2015). Supply chain risk management: a literature review.International Journal of Production Research,53(16), 5031-5069. Li, J., Choi, T. M., Cheng, T. E. (2014). Mean variance analysis of fast fashion supply chains with returns policy.IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems,44(4), 422-434. Madhani, P. M. (2013). Fast fashion retailing. InFast Fashion Systems: Theories and Applications(pp. 35-55). CRC Press. Madhani, P. M. (2015). Enhancing customer lifetime value in fast fashion retailing with RFID initiatives.International Journal of Business and Globalisation,15(2), 205-237. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., Lalwani, C. L. (2016).Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. Nayak, R., Singh, A., Padhye, R., Wang, L. (2015). RFID in textile and clothing manufacturing: technology and challenges.Fashion and Textiles,2(1), 9. Perry, P., Fernie, J., Wood, S. (2014). The international fashion supply chain and corporate social responsibility.Logistics and Retail Management, 4th edition, Kogan Page, London, 77-99. Purvis, L., Naim, M. M., Towill, D. (2013). Intermediation in agile global fashion supply chains.International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology,5(2), 38-48. Shen, B., Chan, H. L., Chow, P. S., Thoney-Barletta, K. A. (2016). Inventory management research for the fashion industry.International Journal of Inventory Research,3(4), 297-317. Turker, D., Altuntas, C. (2014). Sustainable supply chain management in the fast fashion industry: An analysis of corporate reports.European Management Journal,32(5), 837-849. Waters, D., Rinsler, S. (2014).Global logistics: New directions in supply chain management. Kogan Page Publishers. Wisner, J. D., Tan, K. C., Leong, G. K. (2014).Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning.

Fairytale Synthesis paper free essay sample

â€Å"Hansel Gretel† by the Brothers Grimm(184-190), â€Å"Molly Whuppie† by Joseph Jacobs(209-211), and â€Å"The Juniper Tree† by the Brothers Grimm(190-197). All adhere to the idea stated by Maria Tartar in her introduction to â€Å"Hansel Gretel,† that â€Å"Food—it’s presence and it’s absence—shapes the social world of fairytales in profound ways. † (179). In all these tales, the main conflict that leads to the triumph is brought out by an issue that is related to food in some way. One story that can definitely attest to the validity of this claim is â€Å"Hansel Gretel. † In the very beginning they are abandoned by their parents in the woods, this conflict appears as a result of their stepmother’s fear of famine because they no longer had enough food to provide for the children. As Bruno Bettelheim says in his criticism of â€Å"Hansel Gretel,† †The mother represents the source of all food to the children, so it is she who now is experienced as abandoning them as if in a wilderness†(273). We will write a custom essay sample on Fairytale Synthesis paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This signifies the idea of how the anxiety of starvation, created by the mother, who is metaphorically the source of all food for them, leads them on their journey into the woods, which results in the children gaining a greater sense of independence and overall meaning of life. Through this endeavor they learn how to handle and overcome their own anxieties. They have no other choice but to do so since they have been abandoned in the woods and left to fend for themselves. By gathering the pebbles one night when he heard his parents talking about their plans to leave the children in the woods, Hansel secures his and his sister’s path back to home when they are left in the woods by their parents the first time. He lays out the pebbles on the path whilst on their way into the forest, waits for nightfall, and uses the light reflecting off the pebbles from the moonlight to guide him and his sister back to their house. Though their main goal was to get back to the house by any means necessary, this provides a solution to that problem, but the main issue is still present; the family is on the brink of famine. This makes them feel desperate initially because they do not know how they will fare without the parental guidance, but, as the story goes on, the two children slowly realize that it is necessary for them to make their own calculated decisions for themselves as to how to deal with their problems. When the children are in the forest the second time, and they have been traveling for 3 days at this point, they come across a house made of bread with a roof of cake and transparent windows made of sugar. Since they are so direly hungry at this point, they immediately begin to devour the house. After a while they hear a voice ask them â€Å"Nibble, Nibble is it a mouse? Who’s that nibbling at my house? † they reply â€Å"The wind so mild, the heavenly child,†(187). and she invites them inside. She feeds them a wonderful meal of milk and pancakes with sugar apples and nuts. We later find out that she is a nasty witch who lures children into her home in attempt to fatten them up to be eaten by her. This relates to how food can impact the events in fairytales in profound ways. Since they were starving they did not really give themselves a chance to evaluate the consequences that might arise in their unwittingly devouring a random house in the woods that was made of gingerbread and cake. This is how they come into the situation that creates their having to intelligently strategize ways to outwit the witch in order not to be eaten by her. This ultimately helps them mature and come to an understanding of the fact that you need to face your fears in order to overcome them, and this teaches them the lesson that the power resides in themselves leading them not to be reliant on their parents because of anxiety or fear that was initially created because of the absence of food. In this respect, I think an accurate summation of what the story is trying to convey is shown by Bruno Bettelheim, who wrote, â€Å"By implication the story tells about the debilitating consequences of trying to deal with life’s problems by means of regression and denial, which reduce one’s ability to solve problems. †(274). This is why when they return home the second time the mother becomes more shrewd and evil towards them and immediately wakes them up early the next morning to put them back even deeper into the woods. The way â€Å"Mollie Whuppie† starts is practically identical to the start of â€Å"Hansel and Gretel:† A man and his wife have too many children and not enough meat to feed them all, so the parents take them into the woods and leave them there. So again, the same point can be argued that the central issue of starvation anxiety is what strikes the match for the story just as it did in â€Å"Hansel and Gretel. † Mollie and her 3 sisters walk into the woods and found a house as it was beginning to get dark. They knock on the door because they are desperately hungry. This is also a representation similar to â€Å"Hansel and Gretel† when the children come to the witch’s house. Since the girls were so hungry the only thing they were focusing on at this point was getting food, while overlooking the fact that they were walking up to a random house in the middle of the woods. This encounter sets the pace for the rest of the events that happen in the tale. However, what is different from Hansel and Gretel’s encounter with the witch and the girl’s encounter at the house is that Hansel and Gretel did not really know what they were walking into. They just saw a house made of appealing treats and they were starving, which led them to be unsuspectingly taken advantage of by a cannibalistic witch. In Mollie Whuppie, the giant’s wife, knows that her husband will likely kill the girl’s when he returns home and she lets them know that, telling them â€Å"I can’t do that, as my man is a giant, and he would kill you if he comes home†(209). Therefore, they had more of an understanding as to what possible consequences could arise than Hansel and Gretel did in their encounter with the witch. Also, when the Giant comes home, the wife protects them and tells her husband that they will leave. Having been told not to eat them, the giant orders the girls to stay the night, eats his supper, and falls asleep immediately afterward. This is an example of how food shapes this story because since he ate the dinner and fell asleep it allowed Molly to coordinate a way to manipulate the situation. Her switching of the straw necklaces and the gold chains lead to her and her sisters to being saved from being eaten and allows her to escape and live to tell her story to the king. This sets the stage for the rest of the story. Another fundamental difference between the story of â€Å"Hansel and Gretel† and â€Å"Molly Whuppie† is that Molly is always going back into the woods to test her luck and she usually always outwits her adversary in the giant. Therefore, her character traits are shown as she already exhibits witty qualities that are helpful for overcoming evil monsters, while Hansel and Gretel have to develop those qualities for themselves and wait for an opportunity to push the witch into the oven. Therefore Molly Whuppie definitely has a lot more understanding of what she is getting into before she gets there and Hansel and Gretel become vulnerable only as a consequence of their ease of giving into temptation of devouring the gingerbread house. They have no prior knowledge of the fact that the witch is going to try and eat them, and until she reveals her true intentions they have much less to go on. In order to overcome the witch, they have to develop a plan for how they react as they go along because they do not automatically possess the ability to outsmart evil doers as Mollie Whuppie does. When Hansel and Gretel finish their trial in overcoming the witch, it is implied that they have adapted somewhat of an evolved sense of their ability to solve their troubles by themselves, and that can be signified in the part where the duck takes them home and they each get on one at a time. This can be interpreted to mean that they are both are now the captains of their own ship, so to speak, with their newly acquired realizations of themselves gained through overcoming obstacles, and thus being ready to return home to live with their father. Molly Whuppie’s story does the same thing but with somewhat less cleanliness in the moral because she is being a con artist, stealing the giant’s things and getting her and her sisters married, leading them to living in the castle. One could argue that the only reason she would be doing this is because the giant is evil, but there is kind of a discrepancy in how the lessons of Molly Whuppie and Hansel and Gretel might be interpreted. As Maria Tatar points out in her Introduction to Hansel and Gretel, the difference between the two characters and their stories is â€Å"Hansel and Gretel and The Juniper Tree Give us High melodrama—abandonment, treachery, betrayal, and joyous reunions—â€Å"Mollie Whuppie and â€Å"Tom Thumb† offer comic relief in the form of spunky adventurers who use their wits to turn the tables on adversaries with daunting powers† (184). She adds, â€Å"What George Cruikshank had to say about â€Å"Puss in Boots† goes far in explaining why child tricksters have not enjoyed the success of other fairy tale characters: â€Å"the tale was a succession of successful falsehoods—a clever lesson in lying! —a system of imposture rewarded by the greatest worldly advantage—a useful lesson truly to be impressed upon the minds of children! †(184). The stories are seen to convey their messages differently because a lot of what Mollie Whuppie does might be seen by some people as selfish or immoral, and even though they do get the witches treasure at the end the story of Hansel and Gretel is viewed as somewhat more heroic because they are not going back into confrontations with the witches to get something else out of it as Mollie Whuppie did with the Giant. Mollie Whuppie exploits the adversary and Hansel and Gretel learn more of a lesson, overcoming evil rather than trying to take advantage of the conflict for their own material gains. The story of the Juniper Tree relates to the idea of food shaping the social world of fairytales in profound ways but, food is present rather than absent as it was in the previous two tales. The story basically starts out in the â€Å"Juniper Tree,† where the mother wants a child and as she is peeling an apple under the tree. She cuts her finger and begins to bleed, signifying, as this motif did in â€Å"Snow White,† the loss of virginity and thus the conception of the child. It can be argued that the conception of the child comes directly from an interaction with food, being that she was peeling an apple and that was what led her to bleed. The mother dies during childbirth and is buried under the juniper tree as she had requested. The father after a while remarries a woman and they have a daughter. The new â€Å"stepmother† is seen as â€Å"a troublemaker stirring things up and unsettling the family in an unspeakably radical fashion. †(Tatar 182). The mother is consumed by anger and jealousy whenever she sees the boy, she feels as if â€Å"the devil prompted her†(191). and when the boy goes to get an apple out of the chest and slams the lid on his head which decapitates him. She puts the boy in a stew and the when the father comes home he enjoys it so much that he eats the entire thing. â€Å"Oh, Wife†¦ No one else will get any. Somehow I feel as if it is all mine† (192). This idea can be related to the interpretation presented in Gilbert and Gubar’s interpretation of â€Å"Snow White,† where they suggest that the huntsman bring the boar’s lungs and liver to the stepmother in that story. She believes that she is eating Snow White, who is her sworn enemy; the author’s suggest that in doing this she is devouring her own rage and thus becoming even more enraged. In â€Å"The Juniper Tree,† when the father eats the stew the reason that he finds it so appetizing is because even though he does not know of his son’s demise, by consuming him he is bringing in the energy of his son to himself, so the reason he wants to eat it all is to gain closure. The event of the boy being eaten also eventually leads to his rebirth when his sister brings the bones to the Juniper Tree and buries them. By her doing this a bird comes from the boy’s spirit. This can also imply that since the boy is being buried at the same location that his mother was buried that she is aiding him in enacting his revenge against the stepmother. One of the reasons I feel that the stepmother is so tempted toward her cannibalistic inclinations is that she knows that the family has a lot of money, and therefore that means they have a lot of food. It is made apparent that her greed is a leading factor toward why she wants the boy dead, in part because if you had money in those days, you had food. She knew that the family was in a good position, and she was in such a good position herself to take advantage of their fortunes. When the boy is reincarnated as a bird that blossoms from underneath the juniper tree and he proceeds to get gifts for those people who loved him and if they did harm him like the father eating him it was only because they hadn’t known what they were doing. The mother eventually gets killed by the boy when he is in the form of a bird and drops a millstone on her head. Then he returns to human form and they go sit down and eat as they do on several occasions throughout the story. They live happily ever after, suggesting that their worries are now gone because the stepmother is dead. The message this story delivers to the reader is simple: either you’ll get a gold chain or some new red shoes for behaving well or you’ll get a millstone dropped on your head. All three stories have the idea that food shapes the social world of fairytales in profound ways. Hansel and Gretel’s journey in the forest comes as a result of their parents constructing a plan to abandon them in order to ensure that they themselves do not go hungry, leading the children to, as Bruno Bettelheim puts it, â€Å"Overcome and sublimate their primitive, incorporative and hence destructive desires† (274). This means that they came to a greater state of being, both intellectually and psychologically for themselves as individuals, having been put on this trial by their parents and overcoming their adversary in the witch, making them more apt to conquer any anxieties which they have yet to face in their lives. The journey in â€Å"Mollie Whuppie† is also initiated by the parents of the three young ladies because they, like Hansel and Gretel’s parents are facing a shortage of food. The moral of the story may be represented in a manner that is not as clean as the story of Hansel and Gretel because Mollie Whuppie is stealing, cheating, and lying to the giant in order to get his belongings and have her and her sisters be married to the king’s sons. That is justified because the Giant is a child-eating cannibal, which makes her somewhat of an acceptable character in that regard because the people who she is deceiving probably deserved it in the first place. She is enacting the rules of karma upon the giant, so to speak, and therefore the fact that she ends up living in the king’s castle at the end of the story is probably a sensible resolution in this case The Juniper Tree focuses on the concept of food’s presence and absence shaping the social world of fairytales in that it was the Stepmother’s plan to murder the little boy mainly because she was jealous of the love he got and she preferred her child over him, but the presence of food instilled her with greed and made her feel as if she were untouchable. That’s why it was so easy for her to cook him up in a stew and feed him to his own father. In conclusion, in all these stories the main characters gain exponential growth in the area of self-realization and spiritual growth. They conquer their fears and become better people in doing so. This occurs whether it be by dropping a millstone on the head of your evil stepmother to avenge your own death and thus being reincarnated through that act of revenge as the boy did in the Juniper Tree, or by enhancing ability to solve problems for yourself through being pitted against a cannibalistic witch because you were so hungry that you forgot that, even though it is a fantastic gingerbread house, it might not be wise to impulsively start chowing down on a random structure in the middle of the woods. In Molly Whuppie’s case you might be the daring type of person who would like to test your luck numerous times in stealing from a giant and not learn your lesson until you just narrowly escape the mitts of death. My point is that in all of these stories the message that is conveyed to the child as Bruno Bettelheim writes is that, â€Å"They learn to trust that someday they will master the dangers of the world, even in the exaggerated form in which their fears depict them, and be enriched by it†(279). This is why at the end of all the stories, being that they have accomplished conquering this anxiety, they gain something. For example, in â€Å"Hansel and Gretel† the jewels are symbolic of them being able to handle their own challenges. Thus they are worry-free because with their new found intelligence, which they gained from the encounter with the witch, they are now able to conquer any obstacle. Similarly, in Mollie Whuppie, her and her sisters are married because of Molly embarking on dangerous tasks for the king and ultimately get to live in the castle at the end as a result of Molly’s courage in the face of these adverse adventures. Also in the Juniper Tree the boy is returned to life after he drops the millstone on his stepmothers head because he overcame what opposed him. In all the stories the main conflict is brought about through food and in the end all the characters are greatly rewarded or as Bettelheim puts it â€Å"enriched† for facing what they had once feared. Works Cited: Bettelheim, Bruno Criticism of â€Å"Hansel Gretel. † The Classic Fairytales Ed. Maria Tatar New York: Norton, 1999. 273-280 Print. Grimm, Jacob and Wilheim â€Å"Hansel Gretel. † The Classic Fairytales Ed. Maria Tatar New York: Norton, 1999. 184-190 Print. Grimm, Jacob and Wilheim â€Å"The Juniper Tree. † The Classic Fairytales Ed. Maria Tatar New York: Norton, 1999. 190-197 Print. Gilbert M. Sandra, and Gubar Susan â€Å"Snow White and Her Wicked Stepmother. † The Classic Fairytales Ed. Maria Tatar New York: Norton, 199 291-297 Print. Jacobs, Joseph â€Å"Mollie Whuppie. † The Classic Fairytales Ed. Maria Tatar New York: Norton, 1999. 209-211 Print. Tatar, Maria Introduction to â€Å"Hansel Gretel. † The Classic Fairytales Ed. Maria Tatar New York: Norton, 1999. 179-184 Print.

Penubuhan Malaysia 1963 Essay Example

Penubuhan Malaysia 1963 Essay Example Penubuhan Malaysia 1963 Essay Penubuhan Malaysia 1963 Essay 16 September 1963 The establishment of Malaysia The Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra in his speech at the Conference of Foreign Journalists Association of Southeast Asia held at the Adelphi Hotel, Singapore on 27 May 1961, had an insight about the need to establish a plan to bring the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, North Borneo, Brunei and Sarawak into a form of political and economic cooperation. Among other things, this cooperation should be conducted with the aims of limiting the influence of ommunist influence that could Jeopardise the political stability within the region. The Governments stand is based on the political developments in Singapore that shows an increasing influence of the Leftist. In addition to that, the idea is to offset the total population, increasing the economic development and to accelerate the process of the independence for Singapore, Brunei, North Borneo and Sarawak. The Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Branch of Malaya and Borneo Meeting n Singapore on 23 July 1961 had agreed to establish the Malaysia Solidarity Consultative Committee, chaired by Donald Stephen. The purpose of setting up this committee is to explain more clearly about the concept of Malaysia to the public, especially to the people of Sabah, Sarawak and Brunei. In this committee, the representatives of Malaya consisted of members of Parliament. Singapore Representatives comprises of the Legislative Council members and one from the opposition party. Members of the delegation from Sarawak were members of the State Council, the same with Sabah. The Committee convened four times to discuss matters relating to the establishment of Malaysia. The first meeting was held in Sabah in August 1961, followed by Kuching, Sarawak in December 1961 and then in Kuala Lumpur in January 1962. The last meeting was held in Singapore in February 1962. In the last meeting, the Committee agreed to submit a memorandum to the Cobbold Commission to conduct surveys on the views of the people in Sarawak and Sabah on the notion of Malaysia

Ethical Hacking Final Challenges Research Paper

Ethical Hacking Final Challenges - Research Paper Example Therefore one of the vulnerabilities of MD5 is its possibility of resulting into collision attacks. The algorithm also gives room for any attacker to generate a collision. The practical abilities of such attacks results into the impersonation of the trusted roots CA by the attackers. The MD5 trustworthiness is reduced the moment an attacker posses the ability to construct forged data in various forms with the ability of causing software using MD5 (Simpson, 2010-03-17). All these underlying vulnerabilities are caused by a cryptographic primitive making the specific exploitation scenarios vary largely depending on the form of data that is prone to attack and the validation of the software. Microsoft has though tried to issue specific patch for flame which does not though eliminate completely the vulnerabilities caused by MD5 hence they recommend that – every CA that still makes use of MD5 should stop with immediate effect and to migrate to better hash functions. Those with certi ficates signed by MD5 should see on how to replace them immediately. The CA should therefore ensure that sensible cryptographic measures are used depending on the tasks they want performed in their respective organizations (Simpson, 2006). Challenge 2 MEMO TO: Bob Kaikea FROM: Network security Team DATE: 20th February 2013 SUBJECT: Port numbers and services that run on most networks A port number in computer networking is mostly the part of the addressing information that is employed in knowing who the senders and receivers and senders of messages within a network as used with TCP/IP connections (Simpson, 2010-03-17). The port numbers allow for the sharing of information by different applications on the same computer to share resources and they work like telephone extensions. The well known ports are an example of Port 80 that which explains to us what a port really is describing it as a virtual data used by software components to interact. Another is the DHCP which is the Dynamic H ost Configuration protocol. The DHCP server listens on this port and allocates your link the properties it has requested, e.g. IP address, network mask, default gateway and DNS server. Both ports 20 and 21 are known as random ports. While 21 is known as the TCP and is well designed for FTP control, the port 20 is the active FTP type and is designed for the actual transfer of data. Ports 23, 25, 53 and 110 are ports outside the range and they would be used to transfer actual data without the specified range. 23 is the Telnet, 25 acts for the simple mail transfer, 53 is the domain name saver and 110 acts as the Post Office Protocol version 3 (Simpson, 2006). In analyzing the services currently running for the Alexander Rocco Corporation, the ports being used must be keenly looked at to enhance the recovery of the ways to be used to curb the vulnerabilities. Challenge 3 Ethics and morality most so in the computer environment more or less revolves around the same thing that is ethics be ing a moral philosophy where one makes a moral choice and sticks to it. In our case it refers to the moral guidelines that an individual sticks to when using computers and computers networks including the encryption algorithms. It is unethical and therefore against the law to do the following when it comes to computers and computer networks. An individual should not indulge into using office computers to do personal work, one should never read

3 English Assignments Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

3 English Assignments - Assignment Example Below examples of all five definitions, this will hopefully help everyone understand vectors. Scalars are quantities that can only be measured. Temperature and time are examples of a scalar. Examples of time being measured would be a child’s word per minute (wpm). Supposes Child X reads 118 wpm. The equation for this example would be: This equation states velocity equals 17 meters per second. That is the measurement of velocity, but velocity has another part. Velocity also has direction. To correctly state velocity one must state an object is travelling 17m/s South. The measurement of velocity is called speed. Thus velocity is made up of direction and speed. Velocity is a quantity that can be defined as a vector. Directions as defined in relation to vectors are as seen on a compass; North, South, West, and East. In order to be considered a vector, the object must be going a direction that can be seen on the compass. If an individual is unsure if a quantity qualifies as a scalar or vector, just question if the quantity is heading a direction that can be mapped on a compass like the one below. The compass is separated into 360 °. Right angles are between each direction (N,S,E,W). North and South are separated by 180 °. Thus vectors are given a specific direction. Examples can be written two ways: The easiest way to explain this concept is the 30 ° North of East is 30 ° of the arrow from the East sign to the North sign or 60 ° North to the East side. The directions are 90 ° for each four sections of the compass. Vectors are quantities that have measure and direction. A bicycle, ball, car, and other objects can be measured and follow a compass direction. Vectors are symbolized as arrows and points. Below is an example of a vector. Vectors are simply something that can be measured with direction that can be tracked on the compass. Vectors are extremely important in physics. Vectors can be â€Å"acceleration, force,

Intimate Partner Emotional Abuse and PTSD Study

Intimate Partner Emotional Abuse and PTSD Study Abstract The psychological abuse of men by their partners has been acknowledged as an important form of partner abuse in domestic violence research. There is dearth of psychological research on emotional abuse of males by their intimate partners. The sample comprised of 150 males (equal number of married and unmarried/ in an intimate relationship), in the age range of (18-30 years old). Guttman Emotional Abuse Questionnaire and Impact of Event Scale (Weiss Marmar) were used. Analysis of data showed that the intimate partner emotional abuse and PTSD were significantly correlated. The results revealed that men can be victims of intimate partner emotional abuse leading to PTSD. Women were perpetrators of this kind of abuse in all cases. Results also showed that the participants who were married had higher PTSD symptoms than unmarried men and significantly less likely to experience PTSD and also unmarried participants had higher levels of emotional abuse than married participants. Keywords: Intimate Partner Emotional Abuse, PTSD, Men, Victim. Introduction Anintimate relationship is an  interpersonal relationship  that involves  physical  or  emotional intimacy.1 Intimate partner violence (IPV), which includes physical, sexual, and psychological abuse of one partner by another, is a national social and health problem affecting thousands of individuals and families. 2 Women typically suffer more physical and psychological injuries than men who experience female perpetrated violenc.3, 4 Male victims of domestic violence have been seriously neglected in public policy, but they are not rare at all, they’re just less likely to report it.5 However, the researchers have revealed the significance of IPV on male victims, specifically the study of psychological abuse against men.4, 6, 7 Walker described six components of emotional abuse: (a)verbal attacks (ridicule, verbal harassment, name calling); (b)isolation (social or financial); (c)jealousy/possessiveness (even with family, friends, and pets); (d)verbal threats of harm, abuse, or torture; (e)threats to divorce, abandon, or have an affair; and (f)damage to or destruction of personal property.8 Emotional abuse is very common and extremely damaging to victims. Many of IPV survivors have asserted that emotional abuse is worse than physical abuse and has long-lasting effects.9 Emotional abuse is a significant predictor of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and negative mood and psychosomatic complaints. 10 Studies of female victims of IPV have repeatedly shown that physical IPV leading to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder 11,12,13,14,15,16 but between 25% and 50% of victims of physical IPV in a given year are men.2, 17, 18 The association between psychological abuse and negative health outcomes in men required more exploration in future to better understand this association. Studies showed that in intimate partner relationship, one of the strongest predictors for violence is the experience of violence in the family. Intimate partner abuse is a learnt pattern of behavior, so abusiveness is not a lack of control and it is not an illness. 19 According to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual DSM-IV, PTSD is a psychiatric condition that follow the experience of a traumatic incident, the symptoms tend to cluster on three dimensions: persistent reexperiencing of the trauma, persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and persistent increased arousal.20 Many people who experience a traumatic event having at least some symptoms of PTSD.11,12,14,15 Although psychological or mild physical IPV can elicited posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. 11,13,14,16 Psychological abuse strongly associated with PTSD as compare to physical IPV.21 Hines and Saudino found that women are more likely to perpetrate psychological than physical aggression toward male partners. 22 Researchers like Randle and Graham have demonstrated the emotionally abused men can experience depression, psychological distress and PTSD.23 Hines and Douglas also noted the associations between emotional abuse and post traumatic stress symptoms in men.24 Method 2.1. Participants Participants consisted of (n=150) males with equal number of married and unmarried (in a relationship with female partner).The data for the study was collected from DAV College, Government College for boys in Chandigarh, India. Participants had to be between the ages of 18-35 years old. They also had to have been involved in an intimate relationship at least for 4-5 years. 2.2. Procedure: Participants were given the questionnaires regarding demographics, aggressive behaviors that they and their female partners may have used and more detailed information regarding their last argument (if applicable), their mental health and various risk factors. 2.3. Measures 2.3.1. Gottman Emotional Abuse Questionnaire (GEAQ) This test developed by Gottman and Gottman in (2009) at the Gottman Institute, it consist of 25 items with two choice of true and false answers. Reliability and validity of test are satisfied. The IES-R was developed in Weiss and Marmar (1997) to reflect the DSM-IV criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The original Impact of Events Scale (IES) predated the adoption of PTSD as a ‘legitimate’ diagnosis in the DSM-III of 1980 and measured two of the four DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. However, the response format in the IES assesses the ‘frequency of symptoms’ (not at all = 0, rarely = 1, sometimes = 3 and often = 5) and was changed in the IES-R to measure ‘symptom severity’ (0 = not at all, 1 = a little bit, 2 = moderately, 3 = quite a bit and 4 = extremely). 2.3.4 Sociodemographics Men were asked basic demographic information themselves and their partners including age, income, education, occupation and also asked about current status of their relationship (Married, Unmarried, divorce, Cohabitation) and how many children involved in that relationship. Statistical analysis Data analyses were completed using SPSS version 8.0 Software. Descriptive statics viz, mean and standard deviation was performed. Pearson r was used to find the co- relationship between intimate partner emotional abuse and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and t-tests was used to find the differences in married and unmarried men. Results 3.1. Differences between samples in Demographics, Intimate Partner Emotional Abuse (IPEA) and other mediators The differences between the married and unmarried samples in demographic characteristics showed that, in terms of overall violence, unmarried men had a higher prevalence of violence than married men. Marital status showed that unmarried men were more likely to be young compared to married men. Married and unmarried men also differed in respect to education. Unmarried men were also much more likely to have had a previous marriage and in terms of relationship, unmarried men were much more likely to have short duration relationship compared to married men. Also women were perpetrators of this kind of abuse in all cases. 3.2. Correlations between an intimate partner emotional abuse (IPEA) and PTSD: The investigation revealed that men who sustained IPEA had a greater likelihood of reaching PTSD, the analysis showed that the association between IPEA and PTSD were significant (.843**) at level of 0.01. Then we divided the samples into two groups married (n=75) and unmarried (n=75) to obtain the correlation between IPEA and PTSD in unmarried men and unmarried men separately. Table 1 contains the mean, standard deviation and standard error mean of emotional abuse and PTSD for both married and unmarried and indicates the t-test to find the differences of emotional abuse and PTSD in married and unmarried men. Table 1.The obtained mean and standard deviations and t-ratio are presented. Significant at p Table 2.Correlation between IPEA and PTSD **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level(2-tailed). In table 2 showed that there is significantly positive relationship between intimate partner emotional abuse (IPEA) and PTSD, it means that the higher intimate partner emotional abuse is a higher PTSD among men. Table 3.Correlation of intimate partner emotional abuse (IPEA) and PTSD in Married and Unmarried **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Table 3 showed that the correlation between emotional abuse and PTSD in married and unmarried men. Results indicates that correlation between emotional abuse and PTSD in married men were significant (.709**) at level 0.01 and unmarried men were positively significant (866**) at level 0.01. 4. Discussion â€Å"Today, IPV is recognized as a serious problem, which affects the personal and familial well-being†.25 Straus reported that men are not considered traditional victims of intimate partner violence, but between 2007 and 2009, male who denounced cases of IPV in Porto, compute for a relevant portion of all the victims of IPV.26 General knowledge about this phenomena has increased over the years, therefore, it is expected that the number of victims who look for help become more. In so many cases, men did not report that they have abused by their intimate partner, particularly because they afraid of being an object of ridicule.25, 27 In a specific society, it is expected that men are not abused by women, but currently in western societies, where there is greater gender equality, the rate of male victims of IPV is significant.28 The present study, the first is to investigate the associations between PTSD and Intimate partner emotional abuse (IPEA) victimization among men which provides that the PTSD is a major concern among men who sustain IPEA. In addition, comparing the married and unmarried men and their association with PTSD then we are able to figure out the differences between married and unmarried who are emotionally abused and also suffering from PTSD. A study examined PTSD symptoms in male and female survivors of IPV.21 Psychological abuse was strongly associated with PTSD as compare to physical IPV. Concerns with male victims of IPV, findings showed that women are more likely to perpetrate psychological than physical aggression toward male partners.22 In support of previous research, this research found that for both samples (married and unmarried men) who sustain IPEA were significantly high on PTSD.21,29, 6 The model for this sample was congruent with what others have found regarding the influence of prior history of abuse, sustaining trauma, and social support on PTSD.30 Consistent with past studies which showed that cohabiters, generally have a higher risk of violence than married.31,32,33,34,35 The current study found that cohabiting men have an elevated risk of experiencing IPEA as compared to married men. However the results showed that when comparing married and unmarried men, married men, who sustain IPEA, were significantly less likely to experience PTSD than those who were in an intimate relationship. Typically women suffer more physical and psychological injuries than men.3,4,7 However, researchers have found the significance of IPV on male victims.4,6 In the current study the perpetrators were all women. According to these studies, women are as capable as men to perpetrate violence against their intimate partners and they do it more frequently. 36,37,38 According to demography, the study supports this concept as well. In addition to PTSD being exponentially higher in unmarried men, associations between PTSD and IPEA were somehow different. Regarding violence, unmarried men had a higher prevalence than married men of reporting having experienced violence. Marital status in unmarried men was more likely to be young compared to married men. In terms of education, married and unmarried men also were differed. Unmarried men were also much more likely to have had a previous marriage and in terms of relationship, unmarried men were much more likely to have short duration relationship compared to married men. 4.1. Study limitations The limitations of current study need to be considered to future research. First, this is a correlation study, so assumption about causality cannot be strongly enacted. and third, Second, by analyzing the men’s reports of IPEA, it is possible that the men overestimated their female partner’s use of IPEA so we have no guarantee of the realness of their reports thus future studies should seek to obtain information from both sides. 4.2. Conclusions The results of this study allowed us to conclude that men can be victims of intimate partner emotional abuse (IPEA). Analysis showed that the association between intimate partner emotional abuse and PTSD were significant and in all cases women were perpetrators of this kind of abuse. Results also showed that the participants who were married had higher PTSD symptoms than unmarried men and significantly less likely to experience PTSD and also unmarried participants had higher levels of emotional abuse than married participants. The results of this study and other works indicate that this may be the most fruitful way to provide treatment for men who have experienced IPEA and present with PTSD symptoms. References: 1. Miller R, Perlman D. Intimate Relationships. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages; 2008. 2. Tjaden P, Thoennes N. Prevalence and consequences of male-to-female and female-to male intimate partner violence as measured by the National Violence Against Women Survey. Violence Against Women 2000; 6: 142–161. 3. Archer J. Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin 2000; 126(5): 651–680. 4. Hines DA, Malley-Morrison K. Psychological effects of partner abuse against men: A neglected research area. Psychology of Men Masculinity 2001: 2(2); 75–85. 5. National Coalition For Men (NCFM ) http://ncfm.org/know-the-issues/mens-rights-issues/ ;2014 (last accessed on 5th July2014). 6. Hines DA. Post-traumatic stress symptoms among men who sustain partner violence: A multinational study of university students. Psychology of Men Masculinity 2007; 8: 225–239. 7. Holtzworth-Munroe A. Male versus female intimate partner violence: Putting findings in context. Journal of Marriage and Family 2005; 67:1120– 1125. 8. Walker LE. The Battered Woman Syndrome, Springer Publishing Company, New York 1984. 9. Lynch S, Graham-Berman SA. Women abuse and self-affirmation: Influences on women’s self-steem. Violence against women 2000; 6(2):78-97. 10. Arias I, Pape KT. Psychological abuse: implications for adjustment and commitment to leave violent partners. Violence Vict 1999; 14(1):55-67. 11. Astin B, Lawrence KJ, Foy DW. Posttraumatic stress disorder among battered women: Risk and resiliency factors. Violence and Victims 1993;8(1):17–28. 12. Cascardi M, O’Leary KD, Lawrence EE, Schlee KA. Characteristics of women physically abused by their spouses and who seek treatment regarding marital conflict. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1995;63(4):616–623. 13. Housekamp BM, Foy DW. The assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder in battered women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 1991;6:367–375. 14. Kemp A, Rawlings EI, Green BL. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in battered women: A shelter sample. Journal of Traumatic Stress 1991;4:137–148. 15. Saunders DG. Post-traumatic stress symptom profiles of battered women: A comparison of survivors in two settings. Violence and Victims 1994;9:31–44. 16. Woods S, Isenberg MA. Adaptation as a mediator of intimate abuse and traumatic stress in battered women. Nursing Science Quarterly 2001;14:215–221. 17. Cook PW. Abused men: The hidden side of domestic violence (2nd ed.). Westport, CT: Praeger 2009. 18. Stith S, Straus MA. Trends in cultural norms and rates of partner violence. http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/V56.pdf ;1995. (last accessed on 20th July2014). 19. Hines DA, Saudino KJ. Intergenerational transmission of intimate partner violence. Truma, violence, abuse 2002; 3(3), 210-225. 20. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed text revision. Washington, DC: Author 2000. 21. Coker AL, Weston R, Creson DL, Justice B, Blakeney P. PTSD symptoms among men and women survivors of intimate partner violence: The role of risk and protective factors. Violence and Victims 2005;20:625–643. 22. Hines DA, Saudino KJ. Gender differences in psychological, physical, and sexual aggression among college students using the Revised Conflict Tactic Scales. Violence and Victims 2003;18: 197–217. 23. Randle AA, Graham CA. A review of the evidence on the effects of intimate partner violence on men. Psychology of Men and Masculinity 2011;12(2):97-111. 24. Hines DA, Douglas EM. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in men who sustain intimate partner violence: A study of helpseeking and community samples. Psychology of Men Masculinity 2011;12(2):112-127. 25. Carmo R, Grams A, Magalhà £es T. Men as victims of intimate partner violence. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 2011; 18(8):355-359. 26. Straus MA. Womens violence toward men is a serious social problem. In: Loseke DR, Gelles RJ, Cavanaugh MM, editors. Current controversies on famlly violence, 2nd ed. Newbury Park: Sage Publications; 2005. P.55-77. 27. Felson RB, Parà © P. The reporting of domestic violence and sexual assault by nonstrangers to the police. J Marriage Fam 2005;67:597-610. 28. Archer J. Cross-cultural difference in physical aggression between partners: A social-role analysis. Personality and Social Review 2006;10(2):133– 153. 29. Dansky BS, Byrne CA, Brandy KT. Intimate violence and post-traumatic stress disorder among individuals with cocaine dependence. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 1999;25: 257–268. 30. Fontana A, Rosenheck R. PTSD among Vietnam theater veterans: A causal model of etiology in a community sample. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1994;182:677–684. 31. Anderson KL. Gender, status, and domestic violence: An integration of feminist and family violence approaches. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1997;59(3):655-669. 32. Brinkerhoff, M. B., Lupri, E. Interspousal violence. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 1988;13(4):407-434. 33. Jackson NA. Observational experiences of intrapersonal conflict and teenage victimization: A comparative study among spouses and cohabitors. Journal of Family Violence 1996;11(3):191-203. 34. Stets JE. Cohabiting and marital aggression: The role of social isolation. Journal of Marriage and the Family 1991;53(3):669-680. 35. Stets JE, Straus MA. The marriage license as a hitting license: A comparison of assaults in dating, cohabiting, and married couples. Journal of Family Violence 1989;4(2), 161-180. 36. Swan SC, Gambone LJ, Caldwell JE, Sullivan TP, Snow DL. A review of research on women’s use of violence with male intimate partners. Violence and Victims 2008;28:301-14. 37. Dutton DG, Nicholas TL, Spidel A. Female Perpetrators of Intimate Abuse. Women Who Perpetrate Relationship Violence: Moving Beyond Political Correctness. Pp. 1-31. Available online at http://lab.drdondutton.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/DUTTON-NICHOLLS-AND-SPIDEL-2005-FEMALE-PERPETRATORS-OF-INTIMATE-VIOLENCE.pdf ;2005 by The Haworth Press, Inc. (last accessed on 20th sep2014). 38. Carney M, Buttell F, Dutton D. Women who perpetrate intimate partner violence: a review of the literature with recommendations for treatment. Aggress Violent Beh 2007;12:108-15.

Coco avant Chanel :: Coco avant Chanel

Coco avant Chanel est un film franà §ais rà ©alisà © par Anne Fontaine, qui est sorti au cinà ©ma le 22 avril 2009 en France. Anne Fontaine est une rà ©alisatrice, actrice et scà ©nariste franà §aise nà ©e au Luxembourg et a connu beaucoup de succà ¨s avec ce film. Audrey Tautou, la merveilleuse actrice franà §aise tient le rà ´le de Coco Chanel. Coco avant Chanel est un film biographique et romantique, qui s’intà ©resse aux annà ©es de formation de la grande couturià ¨re Coco Chanel. Ce film a bien à ©tà © reà §u par les critiques et a connu un immense succà ¨s auprà ¨s du public. Mondialement, ce film a gà ©nà ©rà © des recettes de plus de 43 millions de dollars. Cette Å“uvre a à ©tà © sà ©lectionnà ©e pour quatre nominations au BAFTA (British Academy of Film and Television Arts), trois nominations du Cinà ©ma Europà ©en, six nominations de Cà ©sar, et l’Oscar des meilleurs costumes. Ce film biographique raconte la vie de Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel, la conceptrice de mode, modiste et grande couturià ¨re franà §aise cà ©là ¨bre pour ses pià ¨ces de và ªtements de haute couture. Gabrielle Chanel est issue d’un milieu modeste. Sa personnalità © hors du commun, son assurance et sa franchise ont fait d’elle, une personne charismatique. Chanel et sa sÅ“ur, Adrienne, ont à ©tà © abandonnà ©es par leur pà ¨re quand elles à ©taient jeunes et elles ont grandi dans un orphelinat. Gabrielle attendait tous les dimanches que son pà ¨re vienne les chercher dans l’orphelinat. Quelques annà ©es plus tard, elles dà ©butent comme couturià ¨res et chanteuses dans un cabaret majoritairement frà ©quentà © par la classe ouvrià ¨re de l’à ©poque. Gabrielle est surnommà ©e  « Coco  » à   cause de chansons qu’elle chante tous les soirs avec sa sÅ“ur. Lorsque sa sÅ“ur lui informe qu’elle va se dà ©mà ©nager à   Paris pour à ©pouser son baron, Gabrielle dà ©cide à   son tour qu’elle a besoin d’un nouveau paramà ¨tre dans sa vie. Elle rend visite à   son ami Baron Balson (Benoà ®t Poelvoorde), un riche proprià ©taire de chevaux de course, qui vit dans la banlieue de Paris. Baron Balson lui permet d’entrer dans la haute socià ©tà © franà §aise. Tranquillement, Gabrielle commence à   s’intà ©resser davantage à   la mode. Elle conà §oit des chapeaux et des và ªtements pour la femme moderne, avec l’idà ©ologie minimaliste que la simplicità © est mieux. Pendant son sà ©jour avec le Baron Balson, Gabrielle rencontre et tombe en amour avec Boy Capel (Alessandro Nivola), un homme d’affaires anglais. Elle ne savait pas qu’il à ©tait sur le point de marier une femme de la haute hià ©rarchie anglaise, mais les deux amoureux s’engagent tout de mà ªme à   se planifier des visites rà ©gulià ¨res.

High school hazing Essay

Hazing by way of definition refers to use of harassment, humiliation or abuse as away of initiating an individual into a particular gang or group. Hazing can involve either physical process which usually are violent in nature or can involve mental processes which usually are degrading in nature. The person undergoing hazing is expected to endure the ritualistic tests that he is subjected to and this is seen as a way of promoting group loyalty and bondage as it involves shared suffering with other members of the group or participants. Hazing may occur in a number of contexts including the armed forces, workplace, high schools, sororities and fraternities (Davis, 1998). Rookies let hazing to take place due to a number of reasons. They may want to be associated and belong to the in-group and hence letting themselves to be subjected to hazing. This is due to the fact that the in-group has its own beliefs, identity, norms and values. Cognitive dissonance as explained by Leon Festinger may lead to hazing. (Monarch, 1998) Despite the fact that hazing has been prevalent mover the years, it has been difficult for researchers to study it in terms of its causative underlying mechanisms because of its secretive nature. This has contributed to poor understanding of hazing. Although the many cases of hazing are never reported, various incidents have occurred where by victims have suffered severe injuries and even death. An example is an incident that occurred in Clarkson University on 10th February 1997 where a 1st year student along with his colleagues was forced to drink a large quantity of alcohol from a bucket. The poor 17 year old student was found the following day dead after allegedly choking on his own vomit (Swe et, 1999). This is just one of the many hazing stories of which the majority is not as severe. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate hazing in United States of America High Schools. The study was carried out by Alfred University, USA in April 2000. Methodology Out of approximately 15 million high school students in United States, a population sample of 20, 000 was selected which included both seniors and juniors. A survey instrument was prepared and mailed to the selected 20,000 students using their home addresses. On follow up it was discovered that only 5.46% did not reach their destination hence it was assumed that approximately 18,600 of the survey instruments were delivered. However the responses that were received totaled 1,541 which reflected an 8.28 % rate of response. The cover letter of the survey instrument consisted of enough information about the survey to solicit informed consent from the respondent and also deadline of the return of the instrument. The survey instrument consisted of the background of the respondents including their school grade, sex, resident state, type of school, and any membership in a group, race and location. The instrument also consisted of the respondents experience with hazing and its definition wher eby they were asked to state whether for each type of a group they joined because of hazing, didn’t join because they were afraid to haze, or were forced to leave the group because of hazing. Students were asked during what age they were introduced to hazing, if ever, if they reported it, and what they felt were the most appropriate ways of preventing it. The survey finally asked the students what activities they were expected to do in order to join a group or a team in high school. Initiation behavior that was used was grouped into 4 categories and was from the previous year’s study of athletes of NCAA. The grouping included community building, endangering, abuse of substance and humiliation. Open ended questions regarding the student’s suggestions about suggestions of other preventive strategies, motive for participation, experiences and consequences, afterward feelings and activities that were required of them were asked. (High School hazing, 2008) Statistica l analysis Statistical tables were used to analyze each respondent group of students. Across-tab involving gender and area of residence was employed to come up with sample weights. The six groups of females and males by region were separately weighted by frequency of sample and divided by the population to come up with estimations of prevalence and lead to production of percentages expected for whole population based to the current limited knowledge. Cross-tabular analysis employing chi-square statistics were conducted to study significant differences among groups. Activities were used to cross demographic groups in order to identify hot spots and at risk groups. Results The study found out that the students were of the view that hazing is condoned by adults. They felt that hazing was acceptable socially and they would significantly engage in the activity especially if they knew of a hazed adult. The students usually do not think hazing is a big problem. Half of the students that were involved in abuse of substance and other illegal acts as a way of being accepted into a group believed their activities as hazing. However, 98% of the students believed that dangerous hazing was not good while 86% believed that hazing that is humiliating was not good. The study also found out that student saw hazing as a way of having fun and as exciting. It was also found out that hazing begins at a young age and can progress throughout life. (Eisenber, 1986)

Twelve Angry Men Essay - 1265 Words

Its not easy to stand alone against the ridicule of others. Twelve Angry Men is more than a play, it is a reminder of our social responsibility. Discuss. Twelve Angry Men is a legal drama, written by Reginald Rose during the heightened period of 1950s McCarthyism. The didactic play presents a cross section, examining 1950s America during a period of immense suspicion and uncertainty. Roses play reminds us of the importance of responsibility and integrity, emphasising qualities such as courage that aid in preserving justice. The play examines the power of the lone voice and places a special emphasis on the serving of justice over the quest for truth through a central plot and strategic framing. The idea of time versus†¦show more content†¦Rose utilises a central plot and setting to ensure the jurors remain focused on deliberating and the audiences engagement is limited to the deliberation process. The central focus creates a narrow spectrum in which the didactic themes of the play can be reiterated and emphasised. The plays juror 8 emphasises that the boys life is not a game, constantly refocusing the jurors to the deliberati on process when they digress. Through juror 8 Rose further highlights the importance of the jurors roles and their responsibility as civil servants. This also serves as a reminder to society to remain integral to their responsibility as civilians and thus Roses non fictional undertone is carried through his fictional plot and characters. The play is limited to a timeline in which Rose aims to convey his didactic message and hence the importance of social responsibility. The time elapsed in the play is synonymous with the amount of time the audience spend viewing, to create a sense of realism and dire importance. Within this period Rose addresses the issue of time versus responsibility as apathy within jurors serves to undermine the justice system and compromise the mechanisms of justice. This better be quick is a notion adopted by juror 7 serving as a justification behind his impulsive guilty verdict. The clock on the wall acts as a motif that exposes apathetic jurorsShow MoreRelatedThe Twelve Angry Men Juror 3 and Juror 8 Comparing Essay1919 Words   |  8 PagesComparison essay comparing Juror 3 and Juror 8 What are some similarities between Jurors 3 and 8? What about differences? Oh gosh, its been years since Ive seen the movie (didnt read the play).   Okay,  Juror  #3 is the angry father, and Juror #8 is the guy who stands alone in the INNOCENT vote, right? I suspect the similarities are easier to find by reading the play because the movie really shows their contrasts. 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